BYの定義 - ケンブリッジ英語辞典

BY | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary Meaning of by in English by preposition us Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio / baɪ / uk Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio / baɪ / by preposition ( AGENT ) Add to word list Add to word list A2 used to show the person or thing that does something: The motorcycle was driven by a tiny bald man. We were amazed by what she told us. I'm reading some short stories (written) by Chekhov. The book was translated by a well-known author . I felt frightened by the anger in his voice . The roof of the temple was held up by a row of thick stone columns . The girl's mother was at home today, being comforted by relatives . The English were conquered by the Normans in 1066. The temperature is controlled by a thermostat . Any painting by Van Gogh is worth a fortune . Linguistics: connecting words which express a condition assuming at at the risk of doing something idiom ceteris paribus even granted if lest long provided providing risk suppose unless whether by preposition ( METHOD ) A2 used to show how something is done: They traveled across Europe by train / car . She did the decorating by herself (= alone , without help from anyone) . We went in by (= through) the front door . Do you want to be paid in cash or by check ? He learned English by listening to the radio . Suddenly, she grabbed him by the arm (= took hold of this part of his body ) . I refuse to live by (= following ) their rules . She cheated in the test by copying from the boy in front . I don't have any cash on me, so can I pay by check ? Whenever I travel by train , I always travel first class . He managed to stay afloat by holding on to the side of the boat . The pilot avoided a collision by changing course . Ways of achieving things a means to an end idiom actively another avenue bases basis catch (someone) up phrasal verb formula measure media method methodological methodologically procedure sop standard operating procedure strategy styleless stylistic vehicle See more results » by preposition ( POSITION ) B1 near or at the side of: A small child stood sullenly by her side . He wanted to keep her close by him always. The policewoman walked by (= past) them without saying a word. We spent a week by the coast . He held my arms down by my sides . He has a house down by the harbor . She sat reading by the fireside . Closeness in distance and time a hair's breadth idiom about anywhere anywhere near idiom approachable around float float around phrasal verb hand to hand idiom hard by here mold proximity roof round the corner idiom rub rub shoulders (with someone ) idiom shout spit step See more results » by preposition ( NOT LATER THAN ) A2 not later than; at or before: She had promised to be back by five o'clock. The application needs to be in by the 31st to be accepted . By the time I got to the station the train had already gone. before something before Try to arrive before the start of the meeting. prior to All utensils should be washed prior to use. in advance of Call in advance of your visit to see if you'll need a parking reservation. ahead of My sister is arriving ahead of me to do the grocery shopping for the weekend. by Make sure you're back by midnight. See more results » We are committed to withdrawing our troops by the end of the year . All contributions for the school magazine must be received by 1 August . We need a firm decision by the end of the week . I have to be home by seven. I aim to be a millionaire by the time I'm 35. Before, after and already afore afterward already ante as it is idiom before heel in advance idiom in advance of something / someone idiom in the wake of something idiom just after next posterior previous prior priorly prologue quondam upstream wake See more results » by preposition ( MEASUREMENT ) B2 used to show measurements or amounts : Our office floor space measured twelve yards by ten (= was twelve yards in one direction and ten in the other) . Their wages were increased by 15 percent . Freelance workers are paid by the hour (= for every hour they work ) . These phones have sold by the thousand (= several thousand have been sold ) . minute by minute/hour by hour/day by day, etc. ( also by the minute/hour/day, etc. ) used to say that something increases or changes with every minute , hour , day , etc. that passes : The death toll from the hurricane was climbing minute by minute . See more minute-by-minute/hour-by-hour, etc. describing or showing what happens every minute , hour , etc.: Police presented a minute-by-minute timeline of the incident . See more Linguistics: connecting words which express a condition assuming at at the risk of doing something idiom ceteris paribus even granted if lest long provided providing risk suppose unless whether by preposition ( DURING ) during: We traveled by night and rested by day . Simultaneous and consecutive accompanied by someone/something accompaniment accompany all the while idiom along fly go along phrasal verb heavy rotation in parallel idiom in rotation idiom in tandem idiom minute parallel row simultaneous simultaneously simultaneousness soon step straight See more results » by nature, profession, trade, etc. used when describing someone's character , job , etc.: She is, by nature , a sunny , positive kind of person . See more be all right/fine by someone If something is all right / fine by someone, they agree that it can happen : "I'd rather go later ." "That's fine by me." See more Grammar By By is a preposition or an adverb. … By and time We use by meaning ‘not later than’ to refer to arrangements and deadlines: … By and the passive When we use the passive voice, we can use a phrase with by to say who did the action: … By meaning ‘how to do something’ We use by + -ing form to describe how to do something: … By + myself etc. When we say by + myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, it means ‘alone’. We sometimes use all for emphasis: … By and place We use by to mean ‘beside’ or ‘at the side of’: … By and measurements and amounts We use by to talk about measurements, and increases and decreases in amounts: … By meaning ‘during’ We sometimes use by + day and by + night to mean ‘during the day or the night’: … By meaning ‘written’ or ‘composed’ We use by when we talk about the writers of books, songs, poems, symphonies, etc.: … By : typical errors We say by car, by bus, by plane etc. but if there is a determiner (e.g. a/an, the, some, his), we say in or on: … Before , by , till , until If you have to do something before a certain point in time, then when that point arrives, the action must already be completed: … by adverb us Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio / baɪ / uk Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio / baɪ / B1 at the side of or (in distance or time ) past: The policewoman walked by without saying a word. Why don't you call in for a cup of coffee next time you're passing by? The years flew by. I was just passing by, so I thought I'd drop in for a chat . He tapped Brown on the shoulder as he went by. Closeness in distance and time a hair's breadth idiom about anywhere anywhere near idiom approachable around float float around phrasal verb hand to hand idiom hard by here mold proximity roof round the corner idiom rub rub shoulders (with someone ) idiom shout spit step See more results » Grammar By By is a preposition or an adverb. … By and time We use by meaning ‘not later than’ to refer to arrangements and deadlines: … By and the passive When we use the passive voice, we can use a phrase with by to say who did the action: … By meaning ‘how to do something’ We use by + -ing form to describe how to do something: … By + myself etc. When we say by + myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, it means ‘alone’. We sometimes use all for emphasis: … By and place We use by to mean ‘beside’ or ‘at the side of’: … By and measurements and amounts We use by to talk about measurements, and increases and decreases in amounts: … By meaning ‘during’ We sometimes use by + day and by + night to mean ‘during the day or the night’: … By meaning ‘written’ or ‘composed’ We use by when we talk about the writers of books, songs, poems, symphonies, etc.: … By : typical errors We say by car, by bus, by plane etc. but if there is a determiner (e.g. a/an, the, some, his), we say in or on: … Idiom by and by (Definition of by from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press) by | Intermediate English by preposition us Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio / bɑɪ / by preposition ( CAUSE ) Add to word list Add to word list used to show the person or thing that causes something to happen or to exist : The car was driven by a short , bald man. I’m reading some short stories by Chekhov. I took her umbrella by mistake . by preposition ( METHOD ) used to show how something is done: They thought about flying to Boston but decided to go by car . She did the repair work by herself (= without help ) . Do you want to be paid in cash or by check ? He learned English by listening to the radio . by preposition ( ACCORDING TO ) according to: By my watch , it’s 2 o’clock. The students were listed by name . by preposition ( NOT LATER THAN ) not later than; at or before: She promised to be back by 10 p.m. by preposition ( MEASUREMENT ) used to show measurements or amounts : Their wages increased by 12%. The room measures 15 feet by 20 feet . by preposition ( DURING ) during: We traveled by night and rested by day . Idioms by all means by and large by heart by hook or by crook by the book by the same token by preposition , adverb [ not gradable ] us Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio / bɑɪ / by preposition , adverb [not gradable] ( NEAR ) near, beside, or (in distance or time ) past: A small child stood quietly by her side . Claire waved as she drove by. As time went by, she became more attached to him. (Def