必要 - The Free Dictionaryによる定義

Need - definition of need by The Free Dictionary Need - definition of need by The Free Dictionary https://www.thefreedictionary.com/need Printer Friendly need Also found in: Thesaurus , Medical , Financial , Acronyms , Idioms , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . need lack; requirement; necessity Not to be confused with: knead – work dough or clay into a mass; massage kneed – struck or touched with the knee Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree Copyright © 2007, 2013 by Mary Embree need (nēd) n. 1. A condition or situation in which something must be supplied in order for a certain condition to be maintained or a desired state to be achieved: crops in need of water; a child's need for affection. 2. Something required or wanted; a requisite: "Those of us who led the charge for these women's issues ... shared a common vision in the needs of women" (Olympia Snowe). 3. Necessity; obligation: There is no need for you to go. 4. A condition of poverty or misfortune: The family is in dire need. v. need·ed , need·ing , needs v. aux. To be under the necessity of or the obligation to: They need not come. You needn't be concerned. v. tr. 1. To have need of; require: The family needs money. We need to get some more paint. 2. To have an obligation (to do something): You need to clean up your room. 3. To be subject (to an action) by obligation: Bags need to be stowed underneath the seat in front of you. 4. To want to be subject to: We don't need another lecture on the subject. v. intr. 1. To be in need or want. 2. To be necessary. [Middle English nede , from Old English nēod, nēd , distress, necessity .] Usage Note: Depending on the sense, the verb need behaves sometimes like an auxiliary verb (such as can or may ) and sometimes like a main verb (such as want or try ). When used as a main verb, need agrees with its subject, takes to before the verb following it, and combines with do in questions, negations, and certain other constructions: He needs to go. Does he need to go so soon? He doesn't need to go. When used as an auxiliary verb, need does not agree with its subject, does not take to before the verb following it, and does not combine with do: He needn't go. Need he go so soon? The auxiliary forms of need are used primarily in present-tense questions, negations, and conditional clauses. Unlike can and may, auxiliary need has no form for the past tense like could and might. · When need is used as the main verb, it can be followed by a present participle, as in The car needs washing, or by to be plus a past participle, as in The car needs to be washed. However, in some areas of the United States, especially western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio, many speakers omit to be and use just the past participle form, as in The car needs washed. This use of need with past participles is more common in the British Isles, being particularly prevalent in Scotland. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. need ( niːd ) vb 1. ( tr ) to be in want of: to need money . 2. ( tr ) to require or be required of necessity (to be or do something); be obliged: to need to do more work . 3. ( takes an infinitive without to ) used as an auxiliary in negative and interrogative sentences to express necessity or obligation, and does not add -s when used with he, she, it, and singular nouns: need he go? . 4. ( intr ) archaic to be essential or necessary to: there needs no reason for this . n 5. the fact or an instance of feeling the lack of something: he has need of a new coat . 6. a requirement: the need for vengeance . 7. necessity or obligation resulting from some situation: no need to be frightened . 8. distress or extremity: a friend in need . 9. extreme poverty or destitution; penury [Old English nēad, nied; related to Old Frisian nēd, Old Saxon nōd, Old High German nōt ] Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014 need (nid) n., v. auxiliary v., pres. sing. 3rd pers. need. n. 1. a requirement, necessary duty, or obligation: There is no need to go there. 2. a lack of something wanted or deemed necessary: the needs of the poor. 3. urgent want, as of something requisite: They have need of your charity. 4. necessity arising from existing circumstances: There is need for caution now. 5. a situation or time of difficulty: to help a friend in need. 6. a condition marked by the lack of something requisite: the need for leadership. 7. destitution; extreme poverty: The family's need is acute. v.t. 8. to have need of; require: to need money. v.i. 9. to be in need or want. 10. Archaic. to be necessary. auxiliary v. 11. (used to express obligation or necessity, esp. in interrogative or negative statements): Need I say more? Idioms: if need be, should the necessity arise. [before 900; (n.) Middle English nede, Old English nēd, c. Old Frisian nēd, Old High German nōt (German Not ), Old Norse nauth, Gothic nauths ; (v.) Middle English neden, Old English nēodian ] need′er, n. syn: See lack. Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved. need Need has the negative forms need not and do not need . The contracted forms needn't and don't need are also used. However, you cannot use all these forms for all meanings of need . This is explained below. 1. used as a transitive verb If you need something, it is necessary for you to have it. These animals need food throughout the winter. He desperately needed money. For this meaning of need , the negative form is do not need . You do not need special tools for this job. I don't need any help, thank you. I didn't need any further encouragement. Be Careful! Don't use a progressive form of 'need'. Don't say, for example, ' We are needing some milk '. Say 'We need some milk'. 2. used as an intransitive verb or modal If you need to do something, it is necessary for you to do it. You'll need to work hard to pass this exam. For an answer to these problems we need to look elsewhere. You must use to in sentences like these. Don't say, for example, ' You'll need work hard to pass this exam '. 3. questions and negatives In negative statements you usually use do not need to . You say, for example, 'He doesn't need to go'. You can also use need not as the negative form. For example, you can say 'He needn't go'. However, this is less common and more formal. Don't say ' He doesn't need go ' or ' He needn't to go '. You don't need to shout . You needn't talk about it unless you want to. In questions, you almost always use do and need to . You usually only use need on its own in a few set phrases, such as 'Need I say more?' and 'Need I remind you?' Do you need to go? Need I remind you that you owe the company money? 4. 'must not' If you tell someone that they don't need to or need not do something, you are saying that it is not necessary for them to do it. If you want to say that it is necessary for someone not to do something, don't use 'need'. Instead you use must not or mustn't . You must not accept it. We mustn't forget the tickets. See must 5. talking about the past If you want to say that it was not necessary for someone to do something at a time in the past, you say that they didn't need to do it or they didn't have to do it. Don't say that they 'needn't' do it. I didn't need to say anything at all. Fortunately, she didn't have to choose. However, in a reporting structure you can use needn't . They knew they needn't worry about me. If someone has done something and you want to say that it was not necessary, you can say that they needn't have done it. I was wondering whether you were eating properly, but I needn't have worried, need I? 6. 'need' with -ing forms You can use need with an -ing form to say that something should have something done to it. For example, you can say 'The cooker needs cleaning ', rather than 'The cooker needs to be cleaned'. The plan needs improving . We made a list of things that needed doing . Collins COBUILD English Usage © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 2004, 2011, 2012 need Past participle: needed Gerund: needing Imperative Present Preterite Present Continuous Present Perfect Past Continuous Past Perfect Future Future Perfect Future Continuous Present Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Conditional Past Conditional Imperative need need Present I need you need he/she/it needs we need you need they need Preterite I needed you needed he/she/it needed we needed you needed they needed Present Continuous I am needing you are needing he/she/it is needing we are needing you are needing they are needing Present Perfect I have needed you have needed he/she/it has needed we have needed you have needed they have needed Past Continuous I was needing you were needing he/she/it was needing we were needing you were needing they were needing Past Perfect I had needed you had needed he/she/it had needed we had needed you had needed they had needed Future I will need you will need he/she/it will need we will need you will need they will need Future Perfect I will have needed you will have needed he/she/it will have needed we will have needed you will have needed they will have needed Future Continuous I will be needing you will be needing he/she/it will be needing we will be needing you will be needing they will be needing Present Perfect Continuous I have been needing you have been needing he/she/it has been needing we have been needing you have been needing they have been needing Future Perfect Continuous I will have been needing you will have been needing he/she/it will have been needing we will have been needing you will have been needing they will have been needing Past Perfect Continuous I had been