DeepSeek | 台頭、技術、影響、そして世界的な反応

DeepSeek | Rise, Technologies, Impact, & Global Response | Britannica Money Table of Contents Introduction DeepSeek AI models and chatbots DeepSeek’s origins and rise in AI Global bans and security breaches Censorship in DeepSeek’s AI models Impact on U.S.–China AI competition Read More OpenAI Palantir Technologies, Inc. business organization Table Of Contents DeepSeek Chinese company Print Cite Share Written by Ethan Teekah Ethan Teekah Ethan Teekah is an Associate Editor at Encyclopædia Britannica , where he leads coverage of Asia. Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Table of Contents Introduction DeepSeek AI models and chatbots DeepSeek’s origins and rise in AI Global bans and security breaches Censorship in DeepSeek’s AI models Impact on U.S.–China AI competition Read More OpenAI Palantir Technologies, Inc. business organization Table Of Contents Open full sized image The AI company was disruptive in January 2025. © Mojahid Mottakin/stock.adobe.com Headquarters: Hangzhou News • From apps to autos: China’s data reach sparks US espionage and sabotage concerns • Apr. 30, 2026, 6:05 PM ET ( South China Morning Post ) ... (Show more) DeepSeek is a Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) company that rose to international prominence in January 2025 following the release of its mobile chatbot application and the large language model DeepSeek-R1. Released on January 10, it became the most downloaded app on Apple Inc. ’s (AAPL) U.S. app store by January 27 and ranked among the top downloads on the Google Play store. DeepSeek’s superior efficiency, affordability, and transparency compared to American AI companies led to a sharp decline in U.S. tech stocks on January 27. NVIDIA Corporation (NVDA) was particularly affected, with its share price plummeting 17% and losing nearly $600 billion in market capitalization —the largest one-day loss for a single company in U.S. stock market history. Many observers referred to the release of DeepSeek as a “ Sputnik moment” that undermined widely held assumptions about American technological primacy. AI and your money Artificial intelligence is changing how we interact online, how we manage our finances , and even how we work. Learn more with Britannica Money . Using AI for money management How AI is changing work Ethical questions and AI AI and regulation Investing in AI stocks DeepSeek-R1 is estimated to be 95% cheaper than OpenAI ’s ChatGPT-o1 model and requires a tenth of the computing power of Llama 3.1 from Meta Platforms ’ (META). Its efficiency was achieved through algorithmic innovations that optimize computing power, rather than U.S. companies’ approach of relying on massive data input and computational resources. DeepSeek further disrupted industry norms by adopting an open-source model, making it free to use, and publishing a comprehensive methodology report—rejecting the proprietary “black box” secrecy dominant among U.S. competitors. DeepSeek AI models and chatbots DeepSeek-V3: DeepSeek’s all-purpose chatbot assistant, positioned as a competitor to ChatGPT-4o. It was released in December 2024. It can respond to user prompts in natural language, answer questions across various academic and professional fields, and perform tasks such as writing , editing, coding, and data analysis . Like its American counterparts, it struggles with fact-checking, has a tendency to “hallucinate,” and often lacks deep insight, particularly in areas that require abstract thinking , such as beauty and humor . DeepSeek-R1: DeepSeek’s reasoning model, positioned as a competitor to ChatGPT-o1. It was released in January 2025. Reasoning models are designed for step-by-step logical deduction and complex problem-solving, making them better suited to high-level reasoning tasks than standard chatbot models. DeepSeek-R1 exemplifies the company’s emphasis on computational efficiency, achieving high-quality results with comparatively low resource requirements. Janus Pro: A multimodal AI model specializing in image generation and visual analysis, comparable to OpenAI’s DALL-E 3, Midjourney , and Stability AI’s Stable Diffusion . Available in 1B and 7B parameter versions, it can both generate high-quality images and engage in detailed discussions about real-world photographs. As visual understanding becomes an increasingly important frontier in AI, Janus Pro showcases DeepSeek’s capabilities in this segment, although it hasn’t been as disruptive as the company’s chatbot models. DeepSeek’s origins and rise in AI DeepSeek’s origins trace back to High-Flyer, a hedge fund cofounded by Liang Wenfeng in February 2016 that provides investment management services . Liang, a mathematics prodigy born in 1985 in Guangdong province , graduated from Zhejiang University with a focus on electronic information engineering . His early career centered on applying artificial intelligence to financial markets . By late 2017, most of High-Flyer’s trading activities were managed by AI systems, and the firm was well established as a leader in AI-driven stock trading . Open full sized image The founder and CEO of DeepSeek delivers the keynote speech during the 10th China Private Equity Golden Bull Awards on August 30, 2019 in Shanghai, China. © Visual China Group/Getty Images Anticipating the growing importance of AI, Liang began accumulating NVIDIA graphics processing units (GPUs) in 2021, before the U.S. government placed restrictions on chip sales to China . This foresight enabled him to collect about 10,000 NVIDIA A100 GPUs, laying the groundwork for future AI endeavors. NVIDIA’s relationship with China: It’s complicated NVIDIA has played a crucial role in China’s AI development, supplying high-performance graphics processing units (GPUs) essential for artificial intelligence and deep learning models. The relationship has been shaped by evolving U.S. policies and export controls: U.S. export restrictions. In 2022, the U.S. government restricted sales of NVIDIA’s most advanced chips to China, aiming to curb its AI progress. China’s AI hardware investments. In 2023, Chinese tech giants like Alibaba , Baidu, and Tencent purchased billions of dollars’ worth of NVIDIA GPUs to power cloud computing , autonomous driving , and natural language processing technologies. China’s response. Anticipating tighter controls, Chinese companies in late 2022 and throughout 2023 stockpiled NVIDIA chips while also accelerating domestic chip development. Workarounds and new limits. NVIDIA introduced modified chips for the Chinese market, but further U.S. restrictions in 2023 and 2024 limited even these alternatives. Despite restrictions, China continues to advance in AI, relying on existing NVIDIA hardware, efficiency improvements, and homegrown alternatives. In April 2023, High-Flyer announced the establishment of an artificial general intelligence lab dedicated to developing AI tools separate from its financial operations. By July 2023, this lab was incorporated as DeepSeek, with High-Flyer as its primary investor. Initially, venture capital firms were hesitant to fund DeepSeek because of uncertainties about its short-term profitability. DeepSeek’s first breakthrough occurred in May 2024 with the release of the chatbot model DeepSeek-V2. This model gained immense popularity in China for its cost-efficiency, outperforming offerings from major tech companies such as ByteDance , Tencent , Baidu, and Alibaba . The success of DeepSeek-V2 triggered a price war, compelling each of these competitors to significantly cut prices on their AI models. Building on this momentum, DeepSeek released DeepSeek-V3 in December 2024, followed by the DeepSeek-R1 reasoning model and its chatbot application in January 2025. These developments marked DeepSeek’s entry into the international market, challenging the prevailing assumption of U.S. dominance in AI. Shortly thereafter, Liang Wenfeng participated in a symposium with Chinese Premier Li Qiang, highlighting the government’s support for DeepSeek’s initiatives. Unlike other Chinese technology companies, which are widely known for their “996” work culture (9 a.m. to 9 p.m., six days a week) and hierarchical structures, DeepSeek fosters a meritocratic environment. The company prioritizes technical competence over extensive work experience, often recruiting recent college graduates and individuals from diverse academic backgrounds. This approach emphasizes creativity, passion, and collaboration, drawing inspiration from Western work cultures. Global bans and security breaches By early February 2025, several governments and organizations had imposed restrictions on DeepSeek, citing national security and data privacy concerns. Taiwan was the first to take action, banning DeepSeek from all government agencies on January 27, with the Ministry of Digital Affairs warning that its use could “endanger national information security.” The next day, Texas Governor Greg Abbott became the first U.S. official to restrict DeepSeek at the state level, prohibiting its use on government-issued devices. Soon after, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Navy issued internal bans, preventing employees from accessing DeepSeek services due to concerns about data vulnerabilities. AI security breaches and cyberattacks As artificial intelligence systems become more integrated into various sectors, they face increasing security challenges. Notable incidents include: 2023: ChatGPT data leak. In March 2023, a bug in an open-source library used by ChatGPT led to a significant data leak , exposing chat histories and payment information of some users. 2022: Go-playing AI exploitation.