非政府組織 (NGO)

Nongovernmental organization (NGO) | Britannica Ask the Chatbot Games & Quizzes History & Society Science & Tech Biographies Animals & Nature Geography & Travel Arts & Culture ProCon Money Videos nongovernmental organization Introduction References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics Images At a Glance nongovernmental organization summary Related Questions Is the Illuminati real? What does the name illuminati refer to? What are the origins of the illuminati? What was the Bavarian illuminati group? Who are some notable members of illuminati groups? CITE verified Cite While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Select Citation Style MLA APA Chicago Manual of Style Copy Citation Share Share Share to social media Facebook X URL https://www.britannica.com/topic/nongovernmental-organization Feedback External Websites Feedback Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Feedback Type Select a type (Required) Factual Correction Spelling/Grammar Correction Link Correction Additional Information Other Your Feedback Submit Feedback Thank you for your feedback Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. External Websites Public Broadcasting Service - Politics and Global Health Harvard Law School - Nongovernmental Organizations Red Cross workers Red Cross workers in Seoul preparing aid supply kits to be sent to North Korea after two trains carrying explosives and fuel collided in Ryongch'ŏn, North Korea, April 2004. (more) nongovernmental organization Ask Anything Quick Summary Homework Help Also known as: NGO Written by Margaret P. Karns Professor of Political Science, Univesrity of Dayton, Ohio. Coauthor of The United Nations in the Post-Cold War Era and International Organizations: The Politics and Processes of Global Governance . Margaret P. Karns Fact-checked by Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Britannica Editors Last updated May 3, 2026 • History Britannica AI Ask Anything Quick Summary Table of Contents Table of Contents Quick Summary Ask Anything News • Number of executions in North Korea rose dramatically during Covid – report • Apr. 27, 2026, 5:00 PM ET (The Guardian) ... (Show more) Lionel Rosenblatt is dead at 82. He defied his bosses to help hundreds flee Vietnam. • Apr. 25, 2026, 7:00 AM ET (Washington Post) ‘Political witch-hunting’: Supreme Court refuses selective probe into ‘undisclosed’ wealth of MPs • Apr. 23, 2026, 4:33 AM ET (The Indian Express) Two remanded over RM230mil zakat fund misappropriation • Apr. 22, 2026, 12:21 AM ET (The Star) 13 child marriages stopped in a day: How Rajasthan officials worked with NGO in action across 3 districts • Apr. 19, 2026, 8:20 PM ET (The Indian Express) Show less Top Questions What is a nongovernmental organization (NGO)? How are NGOs different from government organizations? What types of work do NGOs usually do? How do NGOs get their funding? What are some famous examples of NGOs? How do NGOs help communities or address global issues? Show more Show less nongovernmental organization (NGO) , voluntary group of individuals or organizations, usually not affiliated with any government, that is formed to provide services or to advocate a public policy. Although some NGOs are for-profit corporations, the vast majority are nonprofit organizations. Some NGOs, particularly those based in authoritarian countries, may be created or controlled by governments. By most definitions, political parties and criminal or violent guerrilla organizations are not considered NGOs. The issues addressed by NGOs run the gamut of human concerns (e.g., human rights , environmental protection, disaster relief, and development assistance), and the scope of their activities may be local, national, or international. Some NGOs fulfill quasi-governmental functions for ethnic groups that lack a state of their own. NGOs may be financed by private donations, international organizations , governments, or a combination of these. (Read Britannica’s interview with Jimmy Carter on NGO’s and world affairs.) NGOs have existed for centuries; indeed, in 1910 some 130 international groups organized a coordinating body called the Union of International Associations . The term nongovernmental organization was coined at about the time of the founding of the United Nations (UN) in 1945 to distinguish private organizations from intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), such as the UN itself. Many large international NGOs, such as Amnesty International , the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies , Oxfam International , CARE , Save the Children , and the World Wildlife Fund , are transnational federations of national groups. Other international NGOs, such as Greenpeace and the Sierra Club , are mass-membership organizations. Most NGOs are small, grassroots organizations not formally affiliated with any international body, though they may receive some international funding for local programs. More From Britannica cultural globalization: Nongovernmental organizations NGOs perform a variety of functions. They provide information and technical expertise to governments and international organizations (such as specialized agencies of the UN) on various international issues, often supplying local information unavailable to governments. NGOs may advocate on behalf of specific policies, such as debt relief or the banning of landmines (e.g., the International Campaign to Ban Landmines ), and they may provide humanitarian relief and development assistance (e.g., the Red Cross , Oxfam, and CARE). NGOs may also monitor human rights or the implementation of environmental regulations (e.g., the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch , and Transparency International). Since World War II—and particularly since the 1970s—NGOs have proliferated, especially at the national and local levels. At the international level, large numbers of NGOs have been created to address issues such as human rights, women’s rights, and environmental protection. At the same time, international NGOs have become important actors in world affairs within the UN and its specialized agencies and within other forums. A variety of factors have contributed to the growth of NGOs, including globalization ; the increasing prominence of transnational issues such as those just mentioned; the growth in UN-sponsored global conferences, which often include parallel NGO forums; the communications revolution, which has linked individuals and groups through facsimile (fax), the Internet, and e-mail; and the spread of democracy , which has bolstered civil society and enabled individuals to form and operate organizations more freely. By the early 21st century, there were some 6,000 recognized international NGOs. Although NGOs vary considerably in size, organization, and approach, they share the basic belief that principled individuals working together can do much to solve human and environmental problems through grassroots organizing, the creative use of information, and sophisticated political strategies. NGOs have played central roles in global campaigns against slavery, the trade in ivory, whaling , violence against women, apartheid in South Africa , and the proliferation of nuclear weapons. NGOs exert influence on the policies and programs of governments and IGOs by observing or participating in the meetings at which norms, principles, treaties, and conventions are negotiated, disputes settled, and resources allocated . Although the UN’s members are states, Article 71 of the UN Charter authorizes the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) to grant consultative status to NGOs. In the early 21st century, more than 2,000 NGOs were officially accredited with consultative status. Accredited NGOs are automatically granted the right to participate in UN-sponsored conferences, though each conference has different rules for the participation of other NGOs, particularly local ones. Beyond the UN, other IGOs set their own guidelines for NGO participation. Explore Britannica Premium! Go beyond the basics with trusted, in-depth knowledge for professionals, students, and lifelong learners. SUBSCRIBE NGOs are influential because of their expertise and their access to important sources of information. As a result, a significant share of development aid and humanitarian relief is now channeled through such organizations. In some cases, however, the sheer number of NGOs as well as their diversity make it difficult for them to develop a coordinated approach to certain problems. Another factor that tends to limit their effectiveness is their perceived lack of representativeness. Many international NGOs, for example, claim to speak for the peoples of Africa, Asia , or Latin America, though their leadership is drawn almost exclusively from Europe or North America . Since the late 20th century, some governments have reacted to the growing power and influence of NGOs by accusing them of being undemocratic and accountable only to those who provide them with funding. Other governments have attempted to prevent certain NGOs from participating in international decision-making forums . Despite these difficulties, NGOs continue to play an important role in developing global norms and rules on a wide range of transnational issues. Related Topics: advocacy network organization (Show more) See all related content The Nobel Prize for Peace has been awarded to several NGOs, including the International Committee of the Red Cross (1917, 1944, and 1963), Amnesty International (1977), Inter