腹膜と腹膜腔：解剖と機能

Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity: Anatomy and function | Kenhub Connection lost. Please refresh the page. Online Kenhub #1 platform for learning anatomy Login Register Courses Anatomy Basics Upper limb Lower limb Spine and back Thorax Abdomen Pelvis and perineum Head and neck Neuroanatomy Cross sections Radiological anatomy Histology Types of tissues Body systems Physiology Introduction Muscular system Nervous system Articles Anatomy Basics Upper limb Lower limb Spine and back Thorax Abdomen Pelvis and perineum Head and neck Neuroanatomy Cross sections Radiological anatomy Histology Types of tissues Physiology Nervous system Get help How to study What's new? Kenhub in... Deutsch Português Español Français Kenhub #1 platform for learning anatomy What's new? Get help How to study English English Deutsch Português Español Français Login Register Courses Anatomy Basics Upper limb Lower limb Spine and back Thorax Abdomen Pelvis and perineum Head and neck Neuroanatomy Cross sections Radiological anatomy Histology Types of tissues Body systems Physiology Introduction Muscular system Nervous system Articles Anatomy Basics Upper limb Lower limb Spine and back Thorax Abdomen Pelvis and perineum Head and neck Neuroanatomy Cross sections Radiological anatomy Histology Types of tissues Physiology Nervous system Articles Anatomy Abdomen Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity Table of contents Ready to learn? Pick your favorite study tool Videos Quizzes Both Register now and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! Articles Anatomy Abdomen Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity Author: Jana Vasković, MD • Reviewer: Nicola McLaren, MSc Last reviewed: November 03, 2023 Reading time: 13 minutes Recommended video: Omental bursa [15:44] Omental bursa in situ with the stomach reflected. Peritoneum 1/3 Synonyms: Peritonaeum On a scale from lesser omentum to mesentery, how difficult do anatomy students find the peritoneum? We guess that your answer comes out of all the hard-to-imagine pouches, layers and sacs. So let’s start with the basics; the Peritoneum is a serous membrane which lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and lies on abdominal and pelvic organs. Between its two layers – parietal and visceral – is the peritoneal cavity . The peritoneum functions to support and protect abdominopelvic organs . This article will discuss the anatomy of the peritoneum, including key related topics; peritoneal cavity, omenta, mesentery, ligaments, and peritoneal relations. Key facts about the peritoneum Definition Serous membrane lining viscera and abdominal cavity wall Parts Parietal peritoneum Visceral peritoneum Peritoneal cavity Peritoneal formations Mesentery: mesentery proper, transverse mesocolon, sigmoid mesocolon, mesoappendix Omenta: greater omentum, lesser omentum Peritoneal ligaments: hepatogastric, hepatoduodenal, gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, splenorenal, gastrocolic ligament Peritoneal divisions Lesser sac (omental bursa) Greater sac ( supracolic and infracolic compartments ) Function Protection of the abdominopelvic organs Connect organs with each other Maintain the position of organs by suspending them with ligaments Prevent friction while organs move Clinical relations Ascites, peritonitis Contents Peritoneum Peritoneal cavity Divisions Lesser sac (omental bursa) Greater sac Mesentery Omentum Peritoneal ligaments Peritoneal relations Clinical relations Ascites Peritonitis Sources Related articles Related videos + Show all Peritoneum Parietal peritoneum Peritoneum parietale 1/2 Synonyms: Peritonaeum parietale The peritoneum consists of two layers: Parietal peritoneum – an outer layer which adheres to the anterior and posterior abdominal walls. Visceral peritoneum – an inner layer which lines the abdominal organs. It's made when parietal peritoneum reflects from the abdominal wall to the viscera. Although in adults the peritoneum looks like it’s scattered all over the place, there is a (embryo)logic reason behind it. During intrauterine development, the parietal peritoneum forms a closed sac occupying most of the abdominal cavity. At this time, abdominal organs are small and pressed against the posterior abdominal wall. As organs develop and grow, they push into the peritoneum without entering the peritoneal cavity. The cavity squeezes through any available space that exists between the abdominal organs forming peritoneal folds and pouches. It is the same idea as pressing your hand into a balloon filled with water; the balloon changes shape around your hand but your hand doesn’t go inside the balloon. Likewise, no organs lie within this potential space. Test yourself on the peritoneal relations of organs. Peritoneal cavity Peritoneal cavity Cavitas peritonealis 1/3 Synonyms: General cavity of abdomen, General cavity of peritoneum , show more... The peritoneal cavity is a potential space found between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum. The cavity is filled with a small amount of serous peritoneal fluid secreted by the mesothelial cells which line the peritoneum. Peritoneal fluid enables the peritoneal layers to slide against each other with little friction while following the subtle movements of the abdominopelvic organs. When the peritoneum folds while following the lining of the organs, it forms pouches (recesses) which can be filled with fluid if there is an ongoing inflammation of adjacent organs. Examples of such recesses are the inferior recess of the lesser sac formed by the folding of the greater omentum, and the recto-uterine pouch (of Douglas) found between the uterus and rectum in females. Learn more about the layers of the peritoneum and peritoneal cavity anatomy in our study unit, then test yourself to consolidate your knowledge: Learn faster Peritoneal relations Explore study unit Learn faster Custom quiz: Peritoneal relations Start quiz Divisions There are two divisions of the peritoneal cavity: lesser sac (omental bursa) and greater sac. Lesser sac (omental bursa) The omental bursa or lesser sac is found posterior to the stomach and liver, and anterior to the pancreas and duodenum. The function of the lesser sac is to provide space for unhindered movement of the stomach. It has an irregular shape with one superior and one inferior recess. The superior recess is bordered by the diaphragm and the coronary ligament of the liver, while the inferior recess is found between the folding layers of the greater omentum. [Omental bursa/lesser sac (relations)] [Omental bursa/lesser sac (structures)] The lesser sac communicates with the greater sac via the epiploic foramen (omental foramen) found posterior to the free edge of the lesser omentum. This foramen has clear borders : Anterior – hepatoduodenal ligament Posterior – inferior vena cava and the right crus of the diaphragm Superior – caudate lobe of the liver Inferior – superior part of the duodenum Learn more about the omental bursa with these resources. Learn faster Omental bursa Explore study unit Learn faster Custom quiz: Omental bursa Start quiz Greater sac Greater sac (medial view) The greater sac extends from the diaphragm to the pelvic cavity. It is divided into the supracolic and infracolic compartments by the transverse mesocolon. The supracolic compartment is found anterior and superior to the transverse mesocolon, and contains the liver, stomach and spleen . Learn more about the anatomy of the digestive system with our quizzes and free learning tools. The infracolic compartment is posterior and inferior to the transverse mesocolon. Looking from the anterior aspect, it is divided by the root of the mesentery of the small intestine into the right and left infracolic spaces . The infracolic compartment contains the small intestine , ascending colon and descending colon . Mesentery The mesentery is the folds of peritoneum that suspend organs from the posterior abdominal wall. [Mesentery (diagram)] The projection of an organ into the peritoneum creates a peritoneal fold which extends from the abdominal wall, wraps around that organ, and extends back to the abdominal wall. These double layers of peritoneum are the mesentery . Mesenteries carry neurovascular bundles through the fat between peritoneal layers to supply organs. The mesentery of the small intestine is simply called the mesentery or mesentery proper, while the other parts of the digestive system have their mesenteries named more specifically: transverse mesocolon, sigmoid mesocolon, and mesoappendix. You’ll notice the prefix “meso-” before the corresponding part of the intestines. Dive further into mesentery anatomy with these study materials. Learn faster Mesentery Explore study unit Learn faster Custom quiz: Mesentery Start quiz Omentum Greater omentum Omentum majus 1/3 Synonyms: none The omenta are two layers of peritoneum which have fused, and extend from the stomach and proximal duodenum to neighbouring organs. There are two subdivisions of the omentum depending on whether they extend from the greater or lesser curvature of the stomach. Have you been making any of these common learning mistakes ? The greater omentum hangs like a curtain covering the anterior surface of the small intestine. It hangs from the proximal duodenum and greater curvature of the stomach and then folds to attaches superiorly to the anterior surface of the transverse colon and its mesentery on the inferior edge. The lesser omentum extends superiorly from the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver. Solidify your knowledge about the omentum with this study unit and custom quiz: Learn faster Greater omentum Explore study unit Learn faster Custom quiz: Greater omentum Start quiz Peritoneal ligaments Peritoneal ligaments are duplicatures of the peritoneum and can make up parts of the omenta. They have two main functions: To attach organs to the abdominal wall and/or to other abdominal organs and hold them in position To carry neurovascular structures which s