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fundamental, adj. & n. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English Dictionary Skip to main content Factsheet Etymology Meaning & use Pronunciation Forms Frequency Compounds & derived words Dictionary Historical Thesaurus Factsheet Quotations Hide all quotations Factsheet What does the word fundamental mean? There are 17 meanings listed in OED's entry for the word fundamental , three of which are labelled obsolete. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence. fundamental has developed meanings and uses in subjects including plants (Middle English) mathematics (late 1500s) music (early 1600s) acoustics (early 1600s) geology (late 1700s) finance (1890s) economics (1910s) See meaning & use How common is the word fundamental ? About 50 occurrences per million words in modern written English 1750 20 1760 16 1770 18 1780 15 1790 16 1800 15 1810 17 1820 19 1830 20 1840 23 1850 22 1860 22 1870 25 1880 26 1890 31 1900 33 1910 48 1920 58 1930 63 1940 64 1950 62 1960 60 1970 57 1980 55 1990 56 2000 53 2010 53 See frequency What is the etymology of the word fundamental ? fundamental is a borrowing from Latin . Etymons: Latin fundamentalis . See etymology What is the earliest known use of the word fundamental ? Earliest known use Middle English The earliest known use of the word fundamental is in the Middle English period (1150—1500). OED's earliest evidence for fundamental is from around 1443, in the writing of Reginald Pecock, bishop of Chichester and religious author. See meaning & use How is the word fundamental pronounced? British English /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl/ fun-duh-MEN-tuhl U.S. English /ˌfəndəˈmɛn(t)l/ fun-duh-MEN-tuhl See pronunciation Nearby entries functus officio, adj. 1678– fund, n.¹ 1628– fund, n.² 1678–1709 fund, v. 1762– funda, n. 1989– fundable, adj. 1749– fundal, adj. 1688– fundality, n. 1611 fundamen, n. 1677–1865 fundament, n. c1300– fundamental, adj. & n. c1443– fundamental analysis, n. 1917– fundamental bass, n. 1730– fundamental chord, n. 1737– fundamental complex, n. 1890– fundamental force, n. 1838– fundamental frequency, n. 1872– fundamentalism, n. 1842– fundamentalist, n. & adj. 1842– fundamentality, n. 1641– fundamentally, adv. c1449– Browse more nearby entries Etymology Thank you for visiting Oxford English Dictionary To continue reading, please sign in below or purchase a subscription. After purchasing, please sign in below to access the content. 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View our subscription options Personal account Access or purchase personal subscriptions Get our newsletter Save searches Set display preferences Sign in Register Institutional access Sign in through your institution Sign in with library card Sign in with username / password Recommend to your librarian Institutional account management Sign in as administrator on Oxford Academic Entry history for fundamental, adj. & n. fundamental, adj. & n. was revised in September 2017. fundamental, adj. & n. was last modified in March 2026. Revision of the OED is a long-term project, and oed.com is a living text, updated every three months. Modifications may include: corrections and revisions to definitions, especially to improve clarity, accuracy, or intelligibility; new or updated quotation evidence, and reverified or redated bibliographical information; new or updated pronunciations (transcriptions and audio files); new or revised etymological information and improved coverage of variant spellings; new senses or phrases added in print and online updates since OED2 (1989). Revisions and additions of this kind were last incorporated into fundamental, adj. & n. in March 2026. Earlier versions of this entry were published in: OED First Edition (1898) Find out more OED Second Edition (1989) Find out more View fundamental, a. and n. in OED Second Edition Cite Permanent link: Chicago 18 Oxford English Dictionary , “ ,” , . Copy to clipboard Copied to clipboard MLA 9 “ ” Oxford English Dictionary , Oxford UP, , . Copy to clipboard Copied to clipboard APA 7 Oxford University Press. (n.d.). In Oxford English dictionary . Retrieved , from Copy to clipboard Copied to clipboard Select format to download citation .ris (Papers, Zotero) .enw (EndNote) .txt (RefWorks) Download Contribute Please submit your feedback for fundamental, adj. & n. Please include your email address if you are happy to be contacted about your feedback. OUP will not use this email address for any other purpose. Section (required) Factsheet Etymology Meaning & use Pronunciation Forms Frequency Compounds & derived words Other Feedback (required) Submit Citation details Factsheet for fundamental, adj. & n. Browse entry Nearby entries functus officio, adj. 1678– fund, n.¹ 1628– fund, n.² 1678–1709 fund, v. 1762– funda, n. 1989– fundable, adj. 1749– fundal, adj. 1688– fundality, n. 1611 fundamen, n. 1677–1865 fundament, n. c1300– fundamental, adj. & n. c1443– fundamental analysis, n. 1917– fundamental bass, n. 1730– fundamental chord, n. 1737– fundamental complex, n. 1890– fundamental force, n. 1838– fundamental frequency, n. 1872– fundamentalism, n. 1842– fundamentalist, n. & adj. 1842– fundamentality, n. 1641– fundamentally, adv. c1449– Browse more nearby entries