C言語の演算子

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Learn Python Learn HTML Learn JavaScript Learn SQL Learn DSA View all Courses on Learn C Learn C++ Learn Java Python JavaScript TypeScript SQL HTML CSS C C++ Java More languages Popular Tutorials Data Types in C C if...else Statement C for Loop Arrays in C Programming Pointers in C Start Learning C All C Tutorials Reference Materials string.h math.h ctype.h View all Python JavaScript C C++ Java R Kotlin Popular Examples Check odd/even number Find roots of a quadratic equation Print Pyramids and Patterns Check prime number Print the Fibonacci series All C Examples C Introduction Getting Started with C Your First C Program C Comments C Fundamentals C Variables, Constants and Literals C Data Types C Input Output (I/O) C Programming Operators C Flow Control C if...else Statement C for Loop C while and do...while Loop C break and continue C switch Statement C goto Statement C Functions C Functions C User-defined functions Types of User-defined Functions in C Programming C Recursion C Storage Class C Programming Arrays C Arrays C Multidimensional Arrays Pass arrays to a function in C C Programming Pointers C Pointers Relationship Between Arrays and Pointers C Pass Addresses and Pointers C Dynamic Memory Allocation C Array and Pointer Examples C Programming Strings C Programming Strings String Manipulations In C Programming Using Library Functions String Examples in C Programming C Structure and Union C struct C structs and Pointers C Structure and Function C Unions C Programming Files C File Handling C Files Examples C Additional Topics C Keywords and Identifiers C Precedence And Associativity Of Operators C Bitwise Operators C Preprocessor and Macros C Standard Library Functions C enums C Tutorials Bitwise Operators in C Programming C Precedence And Associativity Of Operators Compute Quotient and Remainder Find the Size of int, float, double and char C if...else Statement Make a Simple Calculator Using switch...case C Programming Operators An operator is a symbol that operates on a value or a variable. For example: + is an operator to perform addition. C has a wide range of operators to perform various operations. C Arithmetic Operators An arithmetic operator performs mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division etc on numerical values (constants and variables). Operator Meaning of Operator + addition or unary plus - subtraction or unary minus * multiplication / division % remainder after division (modulo division) Example 1: Arithmetic Operators // Working of arithmetic operators #include <stdio.h> int main() { int a = 9,b = 4, c; c = a+b; printf("a+b = %d \n",c); c = a-b; printf("a-b = %d \n",c); c = a*b; printf("a*b = %d \n",c); c = a/b; printf("a/b = %d \n",c); c = a%b; printf("Remainder when a divided by b = %d \n",c); return 0; } Output a+b = 13 a-b = 5 a*b = 36 a/b = 2 Remainder when a divided by b=1 The operators + , - and * computes addition, subtraction, and multiplication respectively as you might have expected. In normal calculation, 9/4 = 2.25 . However, the output is 2 in the program. It is because both the variables a and b are integers. Hence, the output is also an integer. The compiler neglects the term after the decimal point and shows answer 2 instead of 2.25 . The modulo operator % computes the remainder. When a=9 is divided by b=4 , the remainder is 1 . The % operator can only be used with integers. Suppose a = 5.0 , b = 2.0 , c = 5 and d = 2 . Then in C programming, // Either one of the operands is a floating-point number a/b = 2.5 a/d = 2.5 c/b = 2.5 // Both operands are integers c/d = 2 C Increment and Decrement Operators C programming has two operators increment ++ and decrement -- to change the value of an operand (constant or variable) by 1. Increment ++ increases the value by 1 whereas decrement -- decreases the value by 1. These two operators are unary operators, meaning they only operate on a single operand. Example 2: Increment and Decrement Operators // Working of increment and decrement operators #include <stdio.h> int main() { int a = 10, b = 100; float c = 10.5, d = 100.5; printf("++a = %d \n", ++a); printf("--b = %d \n", --b); printf("++c = %f \n", ++c); printf("--d = %f \n", --d); return 0; } Output ++a = 11 --b = 99 ++c = 11.500000 --d = 99.500000 Here, the operators ++ and -- are used as prefixes. These two operators can also be used as postfixes like a++ and a-- . Visit this page to learn more about how increment and decrement operators work when used as postfix . C Assignment Operators An assignment operator is used for assigning a value to a variable. The most common assignment operator is = Operator Example Same as = a = b a = b += a += b a = a+b -= a -= b a = a-b *= a *= b a = a*b /= a /= b a = a/b %= a %= b a = a%b Example 3: Assignment Operators // Working of assignment operators #include <stdio.h> int main() { int a = 5, c; c = a; // c is 5 printf("c = %d\n", c); c += a; // c is 10 printf("c = %d\n", c); c -= a; // c is 5 printf("c = %d\n", c); c *= a; // c is 25 printf("c = %d\n", c); c /= a; // c is 5 printf("c = %d\n", c); c %= a; // c = 0 printf("c = %d\n", c); return 0; } Output c = 5 c = 10 c = 5 c = 25 c = 5 c = 0 C Relational Operators A relational operator checks the relationship between two operands. If the relation is true, it returns 1; if the relation is false, it returns value 0. Relational operators are used in decision making and loops . Operator Meaning of Operator Example == Equal to 5 == 3 is evaluated to 0 > Greater than 5 > 3 is evaluated to 1 < Less than 5 < 3 is evaluated to 0 != Not equal to 5 != 3 is evaluated to 1 >= Greater than or equal to 5 >= 3 is evaluated to 1 <= Less than or equal to 5 <= 3 is evaluated to 0 Example 4: Relational Operators // Working of relational operators #include <stdio.h> int main() { int a = 5, b = 5, c = 10; printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, b, a == b); printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, c, a == c); printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, b, a > b); printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, c, a > c); printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, b, a < b); printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, c, a < c); printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, b, a != b); printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, c, a != c); printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, b, a >= b); printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, c, a >= c); printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, b, a <= b); printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, c, a <= c); return 0; } Output 5 == 5 is 1 5 == 10 is 0 5 > 5 is 0 5 > 10 is 0 5 < 5 is 0 5 < 10 is 1 5 != 5 is 0 5 != 10 is 1 5 >= 5 is 1 5 >= 10 is 0 5 <= 5 is 1 5 <= 10 is 1 C Logical Operators An expression containing logical operator returns either 0 or 1 depending upon whether expression results true or false. Logical operators are commonly used in decision making in C programming . Operator Meaning Example && Logical AND. True only if all operands are true If c = 5 and d = 2 then, expression ((c==5) && (d>5)) equals to 0. || Logical OR. True only if either one operand is true If c = 5 and d = 2 then, expression ((c==5) || (d>5)) equals to 1. ! Logical NOT. True only if the operand is 0 If c = 5 then, expression !(c==5) equals to 0. Example 5: Logical Operators // Working of logical operators #include <stdio.h> int main() { int a = 5, b = 5, c = 10, result; result = (a == b) && (c > b); printf("(a == b) && (c > b) is %d \n", result); result = (a == b) && (c < b); printf("(a == b) && (c < b) is %d \n", result); result = (a == b) || (c < b); printf("(a == b) || (c < b) is %d \n", result); result = (a != b) || (c < b); printf("(a != b) || (c < b) is %d \n", result); result = !(a != b); printf("!(a != b) is %d \n", result); result = !(a == b); printf("!(a == b) is %d \n", result); return 0; } Output (a == b) && (c > b) is 1 (a == b) && (c < b) is 0 (a == b) || (c < b) is 1 (a != b) || (c < b) is 0 !(a != b) is 1 !(a == b) is 0 Explanation of logical operator program (a == b) && (c > 5) evaluates to 1 because both operands (a == b) and (c > b) is 1 (true). (a == b) && (c < b) evaluates to 0 because operand (c < b) is 0 (false). (a == b) || (c < b) evaluates to 1 because (a = b) is 1 (true). (a != b) || (c < b) evaluates to 0 because both operand (a != b) and (c < b) are 0 (false). !(a != b) evaluates to 1 because operand (a != b) is 0 (false). Hence, !(a != b) is 1 (true). !(a == b) evaluates to 0 because (a == b) is 1 (true). Hence, !(a == b) is 0 (false). C Bitwise Operators During computation, mathematical operations like: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc are converted to bit-level which makes processing faster and saves power. Bitwise operators are used in C programming to perform bit-level operations. Operators Meaning of operators & Bitwise AND | Bitwise OR ^ Bitwise exclusive OR ~ Bitwise complement << Shift left >> Shift right Visit bitwise operator in C to learn more. Other Operators Comma Operator Comma operators are used to link related expressions together. For example: int a, c = 5, d; The sizeof operator The sizeof is a unary operator that returns the size of data