致命的な、形容詞および名詞の意味、語源など | オックスフォード英語辞典

deadly, adj. & n. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English Dictionary Skip to main content Factsheet Etymology Meaning & use Pronunciation Forms Frequency Compounds & derived words Dictionary Historical Thesaurus Factsheet Quotations Hide all quotations Earlier version deadly, a. in OED Second Edition (1989) In other dictionaries dēadlic in Dictionary of Old English dē̆dlī, adj. in Middle English Dictionary Factsheet What does the word deadly mean? There are 21 meanings listed in OED's entry for the word deadly , four of which are labelled obsolete. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence. deadly has developed meanings and uses in subjects including Scottish law (Old English) Christianity (Middle English) fungi (late 1500s) sport (1850s) See meaning & use How common is the word deadly ? About 7 occurrences per million words in modern written English 1750 4.8 1760 5.1 1770 5.2 1780 5.6 1790 6.2 1800 7.0 1810 8.2 1820 9.4 1830 11 1840 12 1850 13 1860 14 1870 14 1880 13 1890 12 1900 12 1910 11 1920 9.9 1930 9.1 1940 8.0 1950 7.3 1960 6.4 1970 6.1 1980 6.2 1990 7.1 2000 7.9 2010 8.4 See frequency What is the etymology of the word deadly ? deadly is formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: dead adj. , ‑ly suffix 1 . See etymology What is the earliest known use of the word deadly ? Earliest known use Old English The earliest known use of the word deadly is in the Old English period (pre-1150). It is also recorded as an adverb from the Old English period (pre-1150). See meaning & use How is the word deadly pronounced? British English /ˈdɛdli/ DED-lee U.S. English /ˈdɛdli/ DED-lee See pronunciation Nearby entries dead-live, adj. 1605 dead-living, adj. 1576–1606 dead loads, n. 1869– deadlock, n. 1781– deadlock, v. 1843– deadlocked, adj. 1839– deadlocking, n. 1882– deadlocking, adj. 1888– deadlong, adj. 1843– dead loss, n. 1678– deadly, adj. & n. Old English– deadly, adv. Old English– deadly carrot, n. 1597– deadly-like, adj. c1630– deadly liveliness, n. 1829– deadly-lively, adj. 1812– deadly nightshade, n. 1648– deadman, n. 1676– dead man's eye, n. 1401–1706 dead man's fingers, n. 1604– dead man's hand, n. 1755– Browse more nearby entries Etymology Summary Formed within English, by derivation. < dead adj. + ‑ly suffix 1 . Compare deathly adj. … Show more < dead adj. + ‑ly suffix 1 . Compare deathly adj. Notes Compare Old Frisian dādlik , dādelik ( West Frisian deadlik ), Middle Dutch dodelijc ( Dutch dodelijk ), Middle Low German dōtlik , Old High German tōdlīh , tōtlīh ( Middle High German tōtlich , tœtlich , German tötlich , tödlich ), Old Icelandic dauðligr , Old Swedish döþeliker ( Swedish dödlig ), Old Danish dødheligh , døtligh ( Danish dødelig ), chiefly formed (with the cognates of ‑ly suffix 1 ) < the cognates of death n. (compare deathly adj. and the Germanic forms listed at that entry), but also (due to the partial or complete formal overlap between the cognates of death n. and dead adj. in all of the languages) partly < the cognates of dead adj. , and perhaps partly also < the cognates of Old English dīedan to kill (see the Germanic forms listed at dead v. ). Some instances (especially in Middle English and later regional use) could alternatively be interpreted as showing deathly adj. : compare the β forms at death n. and see discussion at that entry. Show less Cite Meaning & use Quotations Hide all quotations Contents Earlier version deadly, a. in OED Second Edition (1989) In other dictionaries dēadlic in Dictionary of Old English dē̆dlī, adj. in Middle English Dictionary A. adjective 1. Old English–1906 † Subject to death, mortal. Also: fleeting, transitory, as in deadly life . Cf. deathly adj. 1 . Obsolete . In some uses with implications of death being an inevitable part of life, and therefore overlapping with sense A.3 . OE Wunderlic gesihð, þæt an deadlic man mihte ealne middaneard oferseon. Ælfric , Catholic Homilies: 2nd Series (MS Cambr. Gg.3.28) xi. 107 OE Þeahðe we gesæmde beon mid ðare berdene ðas deadlices liues. Royal Charter: Cnut to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 959) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly, Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Part 2 (2013) 1094 c 1225 (? c 1200) Þis mihte is þet an þet is þe deadliche lif schaweð in hire an estat of þe blisse undeadlich i þet eadi lond. Hali Meiðhad (MS Bodl.) (1940) l. 157 [Composed ? c 1200] 1340 Ne eȝe dyeadlich ne may naȝt ysy. Ayenbite (1866) 244 a 1425 (?1407) Many holi profetis þat weren deedli men weren martrid. Testimony W. Thorpe (MS Rawlinson C.208) in A. Hudson, Two Wycliffite Texts (1993) 59 [Composed ?1407] ? a 1425 I am a creature dedly , as Godd hase made me, and in þis deserte I dwell and gase to gete my sustinaunce. Mandeville's Travels (MS Egerton) (1889) 24 1533 This deidlie body sal be cled with inmortalite. J. Gau , translation of C. Pedersen, Richt Vay sig. Ki a 1684 It is his great gain the loss of that deadly life of the flesh for a new spiritual life. R. Leighton , Practical Commentary 1st Epistle Peter (1694) vol. II. 268 1781 This Spirit of Death, like a Blow at the Root, strikes at the very Seat, Center, and Principle itself of this deadly Life of Sin. F. Okely , translation of H. Jansen, Faithful Narr. God's Dealings with Hiel 43 1845 Even man's deadly life Can be there, by God's leave. P. J. Bailey , Festus: A Poem (2nd edition) 254 1906 For living wound is love; a deadly life, Heart's dear constraint, which gladly we enclose. C. M. Doughty , Dawn in Britain vol. VI. 108 Show quotations Hide quotations Cite Historical thesaurus the world life death dead person or the dead [adjectives] liable to death deadly Old English–1906 Subject to death, mortal. Also: fleeting, transitory, as in deadly life . Cf. deathly , adj. 1. Obsolete . deathly Old English– Subject to death, mortal. Now rare ( archaic or literary ). deathshildy c1175 Subject to death, mortal. brotel 1340–1557 Frail, perishable, easily destroyed, mortal. mortal c1390– Subject to death, destined to die; not immortal or supernatural. mortual a1500–1885 = mortal , adj. deathful ?1624– literary and in religious language. Subject to death, mortal. Frequently contrasted with deathless , adj. 2. mortalized 1633 That has become or been made mortal. cadaverable 1651 Mortal. cadaverizable 1651– Capable of being converted into lifeless matter. View in Historical Thesaurus 2.a. Old English–1857 † In danger of death, dying, about to die. Also in extended use: sick, unwell. Obsolete . OE [Northumbrian dialect] Centurionis autem cuiusdam seruus male habens erat moriturus : ðæs aldormonnes ða sum esne yfle hæbbend wæs deadlic . Lindisfarne Gospels: Luke vii. 2 a 1400 For al dai dedelike er we for þe. Psalter (MS Vespasian) xliii. 24 in C. Horstmann, Yorkshire Writers (1896) vol. II. 176 c 1405 ( c 1395) My lady hath my deeth ysworn..but thy benygnytee Vp on my dedly herte haue some pitee. G. Chaucer , Franklin's Tale (MS Hengwrt) (2003) l. 332 [Composed c 1395] a 1640 How does the patient? Clod . You may inquire Of more than one; for two are sick, and deadly ..her healths, despaird of, And in hers, his. J. Fletcher & P. Massinger , The Custome of the Countrey v. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher, Comedies and Tragedies (1647) sig. Cc3 v /2 1794 ‘To be sure, my Lord, you does look very deadly , but our clean air, and goats whey—.’ ‘Curse your whey.’ A. M. Bennett , Ellen vol. I. ii. 23 1857 My dear Anne, pink is not at all becoming to her; it makes her look quite deadly ... Flora will persist in looking like a ghost. H. A. Chalcraft , Lucy Aylmer vol. II. xi. 260 Show quotations Hide quotations Cite Historical thesaurus the world life death dead person or the dead [adjectives] dying deadly Old English–1857 In danger of death, dying, about to die. Also in extended use: sick, unwell. Obsolete . swelting ?a1400 Dying. dying a1475– That is at the point of death; in a dying state, close to death. Also: mortal, destined to die. at (the) utterance 1525 at (the) utterance . At the last extremity. Obsolete . rare . in (the, his, etc.) extremes 1551–1613 in (the, his, etc.) extremes : in the last moments or stage of life. Obsolete ; = Latin in extremis (which is now often used). parting 1562– That departs or goes away; ( figurative ) that dies; dying. Acherontic 1597– Of or relating to Acheron (see Acheron , n. ); infernal, hellish; dark, gloomy. Also as n. ending 1600 In intransitive sense: Dying, near one's end. Obsolete . departing 1603– Dying. on one's last legs 1614– At or near the end of one's life; close to death. expiring 1635– Of a person or animal: That is in the act of breathing his or her or its last; dying; often applied metonymically (like ‘dying’) to the breath… mortifying 1649 Preceding death. Obsolete . morient 1679– Dying, moribund. upon one's last stretch 1680 The action or an act of stretching physically; the fact of being stretched. upon one's last stretch : in one's death-agony. Obsolete . gasping 1681 That gasps (in various senses of the verb); characterized by or accompanied by gasping. Also figurative . à la mort 1700 Full of sorrow, in despair, utterly dejected. Also: †on the point of death or extinction ( obsolete ). Cf. amort , adj. Now archaic and rare . moribund 1721– That is at the point of death; in a dying state, close to death. outward-bound 1809– figurative . Departing this life, dying. Now rare . terminal 1854– Medicine . Designating the final stage of a disease, esp. when terminating in death; occurring during this stage. Also (of a disease): that is in its… on the brink of the grave 1872– The margin or border at the top of a steep slope or precipice; the edge of a pit, ditch, etc. Also in figurative contexts, with reference to being… defunctive 1929– Of or pertaining to defunction or dying. Also, becoming defunct; dying. View in Historical Thesaurus 2.b. a1470– Of or relating to death; associated with death. Chiefly and now only in deadly bed (cf. deathbed n. 1 ). Cf. deathly adj. 3b . Now rare . ( a 1470) Na