儀式：意義と象徴 - 知恵の図書館

Ritual: Significance and symbolism Significance of Ritual In the context of various religious and historical traditions, the term ritual signifies structured, ceremonial actions central to spiritual practices. These actions, encompassing prayers, visualizations, and specific practices, are believed to build blessings, destroy disasters, and facilitate transformation. Rituals, performed in customary ways, range from daily observances to elaborate ceremonies, often involving symbols, hymns, and prescribed actions. Across traditions, rituals provide a concrete form to philosophy, and play a vital role in worship, devotion, and the purification of the soul.1 Synonyms: Ceremony , Rite , Observance , Custom , Tradition , Practice , Event , Procedure , Formality , Routine In German: Ritual ; In Spanish: Ritual ; In Swedish: Ritual ; In Malay: Ritual ; In Portugese: Ritual ; In Italian: Ritual ; In Dutch: Ritueel ; In Finnish: Rituaali ; In French: Rituel ; In Polish: Rytuał The below excerpts are indicatory and do represent direct quotations or translations. It is your responsibility to fact check each reference. Buddhist concept of 'Ritual' Buddhism Books In Buddhism, ritual encompasses formalized actions, prayers, and structured practices. These practices facilitate empowerment, transformation, and spiritual growth. They often involve specific symbols, build blessings, destroy disasters, and guide meditation, focusing on invoking the necessary focus and intention. Significance in Buddhism (general): From: Hualin International Journal of Buddhist Studies (1) A framework of practices that may be accepted among Germans according to each personal experience. [1] (2) These were enacted by the donors of the images. [2] (3) This refers to the Esoteric Buddhist practice of visualizing mandalas, specifically examining the practice through the lens of the mandala called Buddhoshnisha vijaya, which is a central focus. [3] (4) The ritual was created for building blessings and destroying disasters (jianfu rangzai 建福禳災), which is consistent with Zhitong’s version, as mentioned in manuscript P. 2058 (12). [4] Significance in Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism): Mahayana Books Mahayana is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sutras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajnaparamita sutras. From: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (1) The practices carried out by bodhisattvas, which involve entering into samadhi, drawing forth innumerable bodies, and creating objects of worship to fill the Buddha universes, demonstrating a unique form of devotion. [5] Hindu concept of 'Ritual' Hinduism Books In Hinduism, "Ritual" encompasses a broad range of formal actions. It involves specific events, prescribed worship acts, and ceremonial procedures like recitations and hymns. These practices, governed by texts, are integral to religious and societal life, often performed with precise steps and significance. Significance in Purana and Itihasa (epic history): Purana Books The Purana refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE. From: Mahabharata (English) (1) The act of performing Sraddhas, which requires careful examination of the Brahmanas involved to ensure the offerings reach the intended recipients. [6] From: Ramayana of Valmiki (Griffith) (1) Rama, trained in this, prepares to repeat verses to complete the sacrifice after bathing. [7] (2) Priests skilled in rite and ritual, who knew the Vedas and their branches, indicating a specific skill or practice associated with religious or ceremonial duties. [8] From: Ramayana of Valmiki (Shastri) (1) Rituals are prescribed methods followed by the Twice-born when kindling the sacred fire as part of their sacrifices. [9] (2) Prescribed acts of worship that Sita is advised to perform during Rama's absence. [10] From: Yoga Vasistha [English], Volume 1-4 (1) This is the usual method that the devotee is to follow when worshipping the Lord of Gods, according to the text. [11] From: Vishnu Purana (1) The traditional practices followed by Krishna during his marriage to the maidens. [12] Significance in Dharmashastra (religious law): Dharmashastra Books Dharmashastra contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle. From: Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (1) Rituals are included within the subsidiary sciences and are to be studied during the dark fortnights. [13] (2) A set of prescribed actions and observances, including the overturning of a water jar and specific bodily postures, performed for ritualistic purposes. [14] (3) The series of religious ceremonies, including the Agnihotra, that are to be performed correctly by qualified practitioners. [15] From: Hiranyakesi-grihya-sutra (1) This is performed at the beginning and completion of a study. The text describes a ritual involving the recitation of verses. The ritual is associated with the Kanda. [16] Significance in Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma): Vaishnavism Books Vaishnava or vaishnavism (vaishnavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’). From: Tiruvaymoli (Thiruvaimozhi): English translation (1) Rituals performed by the Brahmins in the sacred place were not for securing any selfish ends, but rather were done as an end in themselves. [17] (2) These are the rituals performed in Tolaivillimankalam, along with scrupulous vedic chantings. [18] From: Garga Samhita (English) (1) A ritual was performed by the brahmanas, involving the giving of a protective amulet to Shishupala, under the order of Damaghosha for his well-being. [19] From: Chaitanya Bhagavata (1) These are the set of actions or ceremonies that are required to be performed according to a specific tradition or set of rules. [20] Significance in Shaktism (Shakta philosophy): Shaktism Books Shakta or Shaktism (shaktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas. From: Shakti and Shakta (1) These awe-inspiring practices are performed by the heroic worshipper at dead of night in the cremation ground. [21] (2) Ritual is an aspect of Tantra Shastra that may be regarded as 'mummery' by a 'protestant' spirit, yet even desiccated Protestantism has not entirely dispensed with it. [22] (3) Ritual, when performed with will, attention, faith, and devotion, achieves the intended result, reiterating the doctrine that one's essence is Spirit and their mind and body are its manifestation. [23] (4) Ritual is described as the art of both religion and magic, with magic being more completely identified with ritual, and it includes both mental and bodily activity, differing from religion, which covers morality. [24] Significance in Vedanta (school of philosophy): Vedanta Books Vedanta refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman). From: Vivekachudamani (1) Rituals are not the means by which immortality is attained, according to the Vedic dictum which emphasizes renunciation instead. [25] From: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (1) Rituals are the subject matter of the Karma-Kanda section of the Vedas, contrasting with the philosophical focus of the Jnana-Kanda, which is contained within the Upanishads. [26] From: Ishavasya Upanishad with Shankara Bhashya (Sitarama) (1) The mantras are not utilized in rituals, because they serve the purpose of enlightening us on the true nature of the Atman, which is not connected with Karma. [27] Significance in Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar): Vyakarana Books Vyakarana refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences. From: Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari (1) A practice where the number of components associated with an original act is not altered for subsequent variations, as it is understood from the main element. [28] (2) This signifies the core practices or ceremonies, and the other elements are connected and support these practices within the described context. [29] (3) A formal procedure or set of actions often incorporated with sacred hymns that may invoke different meanings. [30] Significance in Kavya (poetry): Kavya Books Kavya refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’. From: Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story) (1) Turmeric continues to play a vital role in the ritual practices of the Hindu, despite the introduction of modern dyes. [31] Significance in Ayurveda (science of life): Ayurveda Books Ayurveda is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Ayu